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Fri Jun 17, 2022
"The Gondwana region includes core region of eastern part of the Vidarbha of Maharashtra, the parts of Madhya Pradesh immediately to the north of it, and parts of the west of Chhattisgarh."
Core region - The Gondwana region includes core region of eastern part of the Vidarbha of Maharashtra, the parts of Madhya Pradesh immediately to the north of it, and parts of the west of Chhattisgarh.
Wider region - The wider region extends beyond these, also including parts of northern Telangana, western Odisha and southern Uttar Pradesh.
Gondwana Kingdom was consisting of majorly Four kingdoms
1. Northern Gondwana kingdom - Garha Katanga or Garha Mandla Kingdom of Jabalpur
2. Southern Gondwana - Kingdom Chanda Kingdom of Chandrapur
3. Western Gondwana - Kingdom Kherla Kingdom of Betul Chhindwara
4. Gondwana kingdom - Devgarh Kingdom of Chhindwara
The first historically recorded Gond kingdoms came up in central India’s hilly region in the 14th and 15th century AD.
During 14th to the 18th century - From the 14th to the 18th century the area was held by powerful Gond dynasties, which during Mughal times remained independent or served as tributary chiefs.
During Maratha reign - When in the 18th century the Gonds were conquered by the Marathas, the greater part of Gondwana was incorporated into the dominions of the Bhonsle rajas of Nagpur. Many Gonds took refuge in relatively inaccessible highlands and became tribal raiders.
Under British reign - Between 1818 and 1853 the greater part of the region passed to the British, although in some minor states the Gond rajas continued to rule until Indian independence in 1947.
Gond Kings of Garha Mandla / Upper Narmada Valley (AD 10th Century – 1781)
This was one of the first three Gond kingdoms of Gondwana. It was situated in present day Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh states. Garha Mandla was the senior Gond kingdom until it came under Mughal domination. The other Gond kingdoms, Chandrapur, and Deogarh, were minor principalities which owed their allegiance to Garha Mandla.
| King Jadurai | The first Historically recorded Gond king of Garha-Mandla was Jadurai. · Jadurai takes the advice of his spiritual guide, a Brahmin by the name of Surubhi Pathak, and marries the daughter of an unnamed Gond king. His genealogy is maintained by one of his descendents, Hirde Shah, in the form of a Sanskrit tablet on the walls of his palace at Ramnagar, near Mandla. Narsinha, Ramchandra, Krishna, Rudra, Jagannatha, Vasudeva, Madan singh, Arjun |
| Madan Mahal Fort | Fort Madan Mahal was built in 1116 by Raja Madan Shah in Jabalpur |
| Sangram Shah | The next important ruler in Garha mandala was sangram shah. The Garha-Mandla kingdom was earlier a small territory which witnessed rapid expansion under the rule of Sangram Shah · He captured territories like Narmada Valley, Bhopal, Sagar, Damoh and most of the Satpura hills. He was 48th ruler of Garha Kingdom who had conquered 52 forts called Garh to strengthen and spread the Gond Empire. The Chouragrh Fort in Narsinghpur was built on the honour of conquering 52 forts. Sangram Shah is best known as a patron of arts and literature and he had great knowledge of Sanskrit. Rasratnamala was written by Sangram Shah. At the time of Sangram Shah the capital of Garha kingdom was Singhorgarh. His son Dalpat Shah was married to Rani Durgawati who was a Chandel princess. He also constructs the fort of Chauragad to guard his possessions. |
| Rani Durgavati | |
| Early life | Rani Durgavati was born on 5th October 1524 A.D. in the family of famous Chandel emperor Keerat Rai. · She was born at the fort of Kalanjar (Banda, U.P.). Chandel Dynasty is famous in the Indian History for the valiant king Vidyadhar who repulsed the attacks of Mehmood Gaznavi. |
| Married to Dalpatshah | In 1542, she was married to Dalpatshah, the eldest son of king Sangram shah of Gond Dynasty. Chandel and Gond dynasties got closer as a consequence of this marriage and that was the reason Keerat Rai got the help of Gonds and his son-in-law Dalpatshah at the time of invasion of Shershah Suri in which Shershah Suri died. She gave birth to a son in 1545 A.D. who was named Vir Narayan. Dalpatshah died in about 1550 A.D. As Vir Narayan was too young at that time, Durgavati took the reins of the Gond kingdom in her hands. Two ministers Adhar Kayastha and Man Thakur helped the Rani in looking after the administration successfully and effectively. |
| Moved her capital to Chauragarh in place of Singaurgarh | Rani moved her capital to Chauragarh in place of Singaurgarh. It was a fort of strategic importance situated on the Satpura hill range. |
| Battle with Bajbahadur | After the death of Shershah, Sujat Khan captured the Malwa zone and was succeeded by his son Bajbahadur in 1556 A.D. After ascending to the throne, he attacked Rani Durgavati but the attack was repulsed with heavy losses to his army. This defeat effectively silenced Bajbahadur and the victory brought name and fame for Rani Durgavati. |
| Battle with Asaf khan | When Rani heard about the attack by Asaf Khan she decided to defend her kingdom with all her might although her minister Adhar pointed out the strength of Mughal forces. Rani maintained that it was better to die respectfully than to live a disgraceful life. To fight a defensive battle, she went to Narrai situated between a hilly range on one side and two rivers Gaur and Narmada on the other side. It was an unequal battle with trained soldiers and modern weapons in multitude on one side and a few untrained soldiers with old weapons on the other side. Her Fauzdar Arjun Daswas killed in the battle and Rani decided to lead the defence herself. As the enemy entered the valley, soldiers of Rani attacked them. Both sides lost some men but Rani was victorious in this battle. She chased the Mughul army and came out of the valley. At this stage Rani reviewed her strategy with her counsellors. She wanted to attack the enemy in the night to enfeeble them but her lieutenants did not accept her suggestion. By next morning Asaf khan had summoned big guns. Rani rode on her elephant Sarman and came for the battle. Her son Vir Narayan also took part in this battle. He forced Mughul army to move back three times but at last he got wounded and had to retire to a safe place. In the course of battle Rani also got injured near her ear with an arrow. Her Mahout advised her to leave the battlefield but she refused and took out her dagger and killed herself. Her martyrdom day(24th June 1564) is even today commomorated as "Balidan Diwas". Her tomb, known as Chabutar (near Jabalpur), stands in testimony to this valiant queen. Her son also falls, defending Fort Chauragad. |
| Rani durgavati was great leader with administrative skills | Rani Durgavati's was a personality with varied facets. She was valiant, beautiful and brave and also a great leader with administrative skills. Her self-respect forced her to fight till death rather than surrender herself to her enemy. She was secular and appointed many eminent Muslims on important posts. The place where she sacrificed herself has always been a source of inspiration for freedom fighters. In the year 1983, the Government of Madhya Pradesh renamed the University of Jabalpur as Rani Durgavati Vishwavidyalaya in her memory. Government of India paid its tribute to the valiant Rani by issuing a postal-stamp commemorating her martyrdom, on 24th June 1988. |
| Moghul overlordship | The Gonds are forced to accept Moghul overlordship. The districts forming the kingdom are reformed into the state of Bhopal. This is ceded to the Moghul emperor, Akbar, in order that the next man in line to succeed to the Gond throne, Chandra, is recognised by the Moghuls. |
| Hirde Shah 1670 | Mandla is made the new capital of the kingdom. Part of Sagar District is ceded to the Moghul emperor, the south of Sagar and Damoh districts to Raja Chhatrasal of Panna, and Seoni District to the Gond raja of Deogarh. · Amidst continued political intrigue, Gond power continues to decrease. · Hridayshah was the music lover. He was 54th ruler of Garha Kingdom. He gave his contributions for music. Hriday koutuk and Hriday prakash were written by him. He moved his capital from Chouragarh to Ramnagar of Mandla district. |
| Maratha Peshwa enters Mandla | ·The Maratha Peshwa enters Mandla and exacts tribute from the Gonds. Narhar Shah is taken prisoner and held at Fort Khurai in Saugor. During this period, the Gond dynasty of Garha Mandla remains devoid of office or any political control, Garha Mandla itself remains practically a Maratha dependency. Soon, the other independent principalities of Gondwana also succumb. These Gond rajas eventually emerge as pensioners of the British. |
| Shankar Shah and Raghunath Shah | Shankar Shah and Raghunath Shah were freedom fighters who revolted against the British in the Indian Rebellion of 1857. |
Chanda Kingdom of Chandrapur AD 13th Century - 1751
This was one of the lesser of the three Gond kingdoms of Gondwana, and it owed its allegiance to Garha Mandla as the senior Gond kingdom. It was situated in present day Maharashtra state. The capital was initially at Sirpur, then at Ballarshah.
| Kol Bhil | A man of great strength and wisdom. He taught his follower gonds how to use iron, which transformed their culture and turned them into a powerful fighting force. |
| Bhim Ballal Singh | Established the Gond kingdom with Sirpur as his capital. |
| Keshar Singh | Keshar Singh subdues the rebellions that break out in his kingdom and extends his territory to the edges of the Bhil country. He possesses horses and oxen, and is wealthier than any of his predecessors. |
| Ram Singh | Ram Singh expands his kingdom, maintains an army called Tadavel, and constructs hill forts. Ahmed Shah of the Bahamani empire attacks his kingdom and invests Fort Mahur, capturing Kalamb. This results in the massacre of many Hindus. |
| Surja Ballal Singh / Sher Shah Ballal Shah | Surja Ballal experiences friction with the court of Delhi and is taken captive. He later assists the Delhi emperor in attacking Fort Kaibur, which belongs to a minor Rajput king of the Chandelas named Mohan Singh. In return the Gonds are granted his territory. The king is also given the title of Sher Sah/Shah which lasts throughout the dynasty. |
| Khandkya Ballal Shah | Constructed the city of Chandrapur. |
| Bir Shah | Bir Shah discontinues tribute to the Moghuls following the house arrest of Shah Jahan, but Aurangzeb sends an army under the command of Diler Khan to attack the Gonds, forcing them to sue for peace. |
| Nilkanth Shah | Nilkanth Shah tries to throw off the power held by Raghuji Bhosale over the Gonds, but is defeated. The Gonds are forced to accepted the overlordship of Raghuji Bhosale, Maratha ruler of Nagpur, and are reduced to holding just Ballarshah, while Chandrapur is annexed by Raghuji Bhosale. Nilkanth Shah makes an attempt at rebellion but is imprisoned, ending the Gond dynasty of Chandrapur. Chandrapur becomes fully part of the Berar dominion of the Maratha Bhosales. |
Gond kingdom of Deogarh (Devgad) - (AD 1580s - 1743)
This was one of the lesser of the three Gond kingdoms of Gondwana, and it owed its allegiance to Garha Mandla as the senior Gond kingdom. It was situated in present day Madhya Pradesh and Chattisgarh states.
| Jatba / Ajanbahu Jatbasha (1580s) | Jatba's full name, Ajanbahu Jatbasha, is given to him because of his long hands that extend right down to his knees. He starts off as a vassal of the Gaoli kings, Ransur and Ghansur, later owes allegiance to the Gond kings of Chandrapur, and later still to the Moghul emperor, Akbar. He builds the fort at Devgad (twenty-four miles south-west of Chindwara). |
| Deogarh gains the former Garha Mandla Seoni District | In 1670 Deogarh gains the former Garha Mandla Seoni District, although Gond power is continuing to decrease |
| Bakht Buland 1700 | Bakht Buland starts off in the service of the Moghul emperor, Aurangzeb, and is officially recognised as the raja of Devgad by the Moghul court. He adds to his kingdom territories from the neighbouring kingdoms of Chanda and Mandla, and portions of Nagpur, Balaghat, Seoni, and Bhandara. He also annexes the adjoining Rajput kingdom of Kherla. The present districts of Chindwara and Betul also fall under his control, and he establishes the modern city of Nagpur, naming it Rajapur Barsa. Bakht Bulund is said to later rebel against the Moghuls and snatch portions of their territory, during the Moghul war against the Marathas. |
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